Geotechnical engineers harness a critical role in detecting subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and efficacy of structures. These hidden cavities can originate from various causes, such as geological formations, degradation, or human interventions. Leveraging a suite of investigative techniques, including geophysi
Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical stability. Accurately identifying these voids is crucial for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole analysis, can be laborious and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground wave velocity an
Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral resources. By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral concentration. These geophysical techniques often involve the observa